yum源配置
在配置yum前首先得说说rpm,在redhat和centos linux系统上,rpm作为软件包管理工具,可以方便的安装、查询、卸载软件包。常见命令如下:
#安装: rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm #卸载: rpm -e jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm #升级: rpm -Uvh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm #查询软件的安装路径: rpm -ql yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch #查询所有安装的包: rpm -qa #查询某个文件是哪个rpm包产生: rpm -qf /var/lib/yum/yumdb
但是在多个包组成的rpm包用rpm命令安装时,其依赖包问题是超级繁琐的。
yum是redhat和centos的软件包管理工具,安装软件包时可以在网上远程仓库或者本地自动下载所有依赖包,解决了rpm的痛点。今天主要学习下远程yum源配置。由于redhat 自带的 yum 源是需要注册收费才能更新下载软件的,如果没有注册就使用,则会报下面的错误:
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
所以我们需要把yum源修改为centos的源。
查看自带yum:
rpm -qa | grep yum
卸载自带yum:
rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
查看系统版本:
cat /etc/redhat-release
下载安装软件包:
#下载链接 http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/ #需要下载以下三个rpm包: yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
执行以下安装命令报错,依赖包的版本不符:
#执行yum安装 rpm -ivh yum*
这里升级python-urlgrabber和rpm包版本:
#升级rpm包到: rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm #下载 wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm #升级 rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps rpm -Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps
然后安装:
新建配置文件:
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
加入以下配置:
#CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
然后清理缓存:
yum clean all
生成缓存:
yum makecache
测试源:
yum update -y --skip-broken
可以看到已经可以通过yum安装相关软件包更新。
作者:小碗汤,一位热爱、认真写作的小伙,目前维护原创公众号:『我的小碗汤』,专注于写golang、docker、kubernetes等知识等提升硬实力的文章,期待你的关注。 转载说明:务必注明来源(注明:来源于公众号:我的小碗汤, 作者:小碗汤)
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